Context: Monkeypox (Mpox) virus, like other poxviruses, can change its genome to evade our immune system. This is achieved by either expanding or contracting its genome through gene duplication or gene deletion. Such rhythmic expansions and contractions are called genomic accordions.
- Scientists have recently identified the part of the Mpox genome where these expansions and contractions happen. This finding could be crucial in tracking the evolution of the virus and developing treatments and vaccines against Mpox.
Mutation of a Virus:
- A mutation of a virus refers to a change or alteration in its genetic material, which can be either DNA or RNA.
- Mutations can occur naturally and spontaneously during the replication process of the virus, and they can lead to genetic variations within the viral population.
Monkeypox:
- Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the Mpox virus, which is a DNA virus.
- Symptoms: Mpox is characterised by rash or skin lesions that are usually concentrated on the face, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet.
- Transmission: It is mainly spread to people from animals, primarily rodents and monkeys. Human-to-human transmission can also occur through contact with respiratory droplets and bodily fluids through the sexual route.
- Treatment: Currently, there is no specific treatment approved for Mpox. However, there are several antiviral medications used to treat smallpox, given to patients with Mpox. Most cases of Mpox are self-limiting (can get better without treatment).
- Vaccines: The United States Food and Drug Administration FDA has approved two smallpox vaccines, Jynneos and ACAM2000, that might help prevent monkeypox. There is no specific Mpox vaccine in the Indian market yet.
- Note: In 2022, the disease had an outbreak in more than 118 countries and the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared it a public health emergency. Based on WHO data, infections have a mortality rate of 1-10%.
