Why in News?
Recently, the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), under Operation RAGEPILL, busted an international drug trafficking syndicate involved in the smuggling of Captagon.
About Captagon
Captagon is a highly addictive synthetic stimulant drug belonging to the amphetamine family.
It originally contained fenetylline, a synthetic psychoactive substance chemically related to amphetamines.
Origin and Development
- Developed in Germany during the 1960s–70s
- Initially used to treat:
- Attention Deficit Disorders
- Narcolepsy
- Hyperactivity disorders
It was legally sold in several countries before concerns about addiction and abuse led to restrictions.
Composition of Captagon
Captagon tablets generally contain:
- Fenetylline
- Amphetamine compounds
- Caffeine
- Other stimulants
How it Works
Fenetylline breaks down in the body into:
- Amphetamine
- Theophylline
Both substances stimulate the nervous system and increase alertness and energy.
Why was it Banned?
- Highly addictive nature
- Severe psychological and neurological effects
- Risk of dependency and abuse
It was:
- Banned in most countries in 1986
- Placed under Schedule II of the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances
Global Concern
Captagon is commonly known as the “poor man’s cocaine.”
It has become particularly popular among youth in:
- Middle East
- North Africa
The drug has also emerged as a major source of:
- Illegal trafficking
- Organized crime
- Funding for armed groups and conflict networks in West Asia
Effects of Captagon
Short-Term Effects
- Increased energy
- Euphoria
- Reduced fatigue
- Hyper-alertness
Harmful Effects
- Addiction
- Anxiety and aggression
- Hallucinations
- Heart problems
- Mental health disorders
Importance for India
The recent NCB operation highlights:
- Growing international drug trafficking networks
- Challenges of narco-terrorism
- Need for stronger cross-border intelligence sharing
India’s anti-drug agencies are increasingly focusing on synthetic drug trafficking and transnational organized crime.