Context: A study by the US researchers finds first molecular level evidence of how exposure to PM2.5 pollutants by pregnant women could lead to higher risk of premature deliveries.
Relevance of the Topic: Prelims: Health implications of Pollution.
Link between Air Pollution and Premature Birth:
- Exposure to pollutants like fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide during pregnancy can lead to an increased risk of complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental issues.
- A recent study has identified that two biological molecules- 'cortexolone' and 'lysoPE(20:3)', show altered levels in women exposed to air pollution.
- Cortexolone is a glucocorticoid crucial to regulating metabolism, inflammation, and the immune response.
- lysoPE(20:3) is a lipid present in cells and important for cell function.
- Deregulation of these molecules cause disruptions in protein digestion and absorption which are crucial to foetal development.
Previous studies have shown that these pollutants can penetrate the placental barrier, potentially affecting fetal growth and development.
Also Read: Air Pollution in India: Major Pollutants