Context: The Indian government has approved the retail price of potassium derived from molasses (PDM) at ₹4,263 per tonne or ₹213.5 per 50 kg bag.
Potassium Derived from Molasses (PDM):
- PDM is a potassium-rich fertiliser derived from ash in molasses-based distilleries.
- India currently imports 100% of the potash it needs for fertilisers, in the form of muriate of potash (MOP). The by-product of the sugar-based ethanol industry (PDM) can offer an alternative to the existing potash fertilisers.
- Presently, about 5 Lakh tonnes of Potash Ash generated from ethanol distilleries is being sold domestically whereas the potential to produce this Ash could reach up to 10 to 12 Lakh tonnes.
The Process:
- During molasses fermentation for ethanol production, a large volume of wastewater called "spent wash" is generated. This wastewater is rich in organic matter, inorganic salts, and other dissolved solids, making it highly polluting if released untreated.
- To comply with Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) regulations and minimise environmental impact, some molasses-based distilleries opt for incineration. The Incineration boilers (IBs) burn the spent wash at high temperatures, converting the organic matter into heat, flue gases, and ash as a byproduct.
- The potash-rich ash has 14.5% potash content and can be used by farmers in the field as an alternative to Muriate of Potash (MOP, also known as potassium chloride, contains 60% potash content).
Significance:
- Production of PDM will reduce import dependency and will make India Atma Nirbhar in its production.
- Manufacturing and sale of PDM can add another revenue stream for sugar mills to add to their cash flows and also to make payment to farmers in a timely manner.