Context: The Union Cabinet has approved Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN) scheme.
About PM-JANMAN
- Announced in: Budget 2023-24
- Launched in: 2023
- Outlay: 24,104-crore
- Centre’s share: Rs 15,336 crore
- States share: Rs 8,768 crore.
- Aim: To provide a number of facilities to Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
- Features of the scheme: This scheme comprising Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes to focus on 11 critical interventions through 9 Ministries including Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
- Interventions are: provision of pucca houses, road and telecom connectivity, drinking water and sanitation, access to education and health, construction of Anganwadi Centers and Multipurpose Centers.
- The Ministry of Ayush will set up Ayush Wellness Centre to PVTG habitations through mobile medical units.
- The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship will facilitate skill and vocational training in PVTG habitations, multi-purpose centres and hostels as per suitable skills of these communities.
About PVTG:
- It is a classification used in India to identify certain tribes or communities that are considered to be at a particularly high risk of extinction or facing extreme socio-economic marginalization
- Tribal communities are often identified by some specific signs such as primitive traits, distinctive culture, geographical isolation, shyness to contact with the community at large and backwardness.
- In 1973, the Dhebar Commission created Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) as a separate category, which are less developed among the tribal groups.
- In 2006, the Government of India renamed the PTGs as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
Criteria for identification of PVTGs :
- Pre-agricultural level of technology
- Low level of literacy
- Economic backwardness
- A declining or stagnant population accordingly.
- India has ST population of 10.45 crore as per 2011 census, out of which 75 communities located in 18 States and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been categorized as PVTGs.
- Among the 75 listed PVTGs the highest number are found in Odisha (13), followed by Andhra Pradesh (12).