Context: Researchers have identified two genetically distinct groups of the Indian Star Tortoise. The genetic divergences in the species show up as differences in physical features that can be utilised to form strategies to release and conserve rescued tortoises.
Relevance of the Topic: Prelims- Key facts about Indian Star Tortoise.
About Indian Star Tortoise:
- Indian star tortoises are endemic to the Indian subcontinent. They reside in arid pockets of northwest India (bordering Pakistan), South India, and Sri Lanka.
- Features:
- Appearance: Obsidian shell and striking sun-yellow star patterns adorning it.
- Sexual dimorphism: Adult females are considerably larger than males.
- Can grow up to 10 inches long.
- Behaviour: Mostly Herbivores.
- Conservation Status:
- CITES: Appendix I.
- IUCN Status: Vulnerable.
- Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972: Schedule I
- It is illegal to own one in India and unethical since they are vulnerable in the wild.
- Concerns:
- Rise in wildlife trafficking due to increased global demand as pets (US, Canada, etc.)
- Habitat fragmentation, extremely susceptible to parasites and diseases (pneumonia and respiratory diseases).
Conservation Approach:
- Researchers from the Wildlife Institute of India and Punjab University explored the diversity and natural distribution in India by sequencing the genomes of Indian star tortoises in zoos, wildlife reserves, and protected areas.
- The study identified two genetically distinct groups of Indian star tortoises: northwestern and southern. They have suggested releasing captivated tortoises in different geographical areas based on their divergences.
- Unscientific releases of the seized star tortoises found in different areas could mix their population, depress their breeding rates and might lower their genetic diversity.