(i) Constitutional morality
(ii) Conflict of interest
(iii) Probity in public life
(iv) Challenges of digitalization
(v) Devotion to duty
Sample Answer
| Backward linkage | Definition | Forward linkage | Example | |
| Constitutional morality | It requires values of tolerance and rule of law to prevail in society. | Constitutional Morality is the adherence to the fundamental principles and values of the constitution. | It is important to promote the constitutional spirit of welfare, equity, fraternity etc. | The Supreme Court allowed women to enter Sabarimala temple. |
| Conflict of interest | Resolving conflict of interest requires objectivity, absence of negative emotion of greed and spirit of service. | Conflict of interest occurs when there is a clash between interests and professional duties or responsibilities. | It is important for impartiality, non-partisanship, probity and winning the trust of people. | Delhi High Court quashed the appointment of 21 Delhi MLAs as secretaries to ministers to avoid conflict of Interest. |
| Probity in public life | It requires the value of transparency, humility and emotional intelligence to understand a citizen’s perspective. | Probity refers to following ethics in administration and being open enough to show the operation of ethics on administration to people and win their trust. | It’s important for the trust and cooperation of people. | Tough action against illegal sand Mining by IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal |
| Challenges of digitalization | Challenges stem from inequality in society, poor infrastructure in remote areas and lack of spirit of service among others. | Digitisation is online sharing of data like text, images, video etc | If the challenges of digitisation remain unresolved it will lead to rural-urban divide, absence of good and ethical governance and non-fulfilment of the ‘social-contract’. | Learning outcomes decreased due to migration to online education during COVID-19. |
| Devotion to duty | Commitment and dedication. | Strong feelings of loyalty, love, and admiration for the work. | Increases the desire to exert more time, energy, and effort in carrying out his duty. | Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam devotes his life to the service of nation. |
