Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does Al help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of Al in healthcare?

AI is the emulation of human intelligence in machines. It encompasses machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision. AI enables machines to learn, reason, solve problems, and make decisions. Term AI was coined by John McCarthy.

AI in Clinical Diagnosis:

• Enhanced Accuracy: AI, like IBM’s Watson, improves disease detection accuracy, Ex. diagnosing cancer from medical images.
• Efficiency: AI-driven chatbots optimise appointment scheduling, enhancing healthcare operations.
• Early detection: NITI Aayog is helping to roll out AI-based handheld device for early detection of diabetic Retinopathy.
• Predictive Analytics: ML predicts outbreaks (E.g., COVID-19) for resource-allocation and containment strategies.

Privacy Concerns with AI in Healthcare:

• Identity theft: Misuse or unauthorised access to sensitive patient data can lead to identity theft or discrimination.
• Data-security: Patients’ data is vulnerable to cybersecurity threats.
• Commercialisation: Personal Medical data can be commercialised without obtaining prior consent of patients.
• Potential misuse by Insurance companies to deny coverage or charge higher-premium if AI tools detect disease vulnerability.

To address privacy-concerns in AI healthcare, we need enhanced regulations, transparent AI practices,
education for professionals and public, ethical AI development, and collaborative efforts among healthcare, AI-developers, and regulators for balanced privacy protection and AI advancement.