Context: The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has informed the Supreme Court that it is considering a new legal framework to regulate the deputation of Indian Police Service (IPS) officers to Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs). The move follows contempt petitions alleging non-compliance with judicial directives aimed at improving career prospects for CAPF cadre officers.
Background and Current System
At present, recruitment rules reserve a significant proportion of senior leadership positions in CAPFs for IPS officers:
- 50% of Inspector General (IG) posts are reserved for IPS deputation.
- 20% of Deputy Inspector General (DIG) posts are also earmarked for IPS officers.
This system was initially intended to ensure inter-service coordination and operational expertise. However, CAPF officers argue that the fixed quota creates a structural ‘glass ceiling’, limiting their promotions despite extensive field experience.
Further, career disparities persist:
- IPS officers typically reach senior leadership roles in 13–15 years.
- CAPF cadre officers often take 20–25 years to reach comparable ranks.
Judicial Interventions
The Supreme Court has issued multiple rulings to address the issue:
- Harananda Judgment (2019): Recognised CAPF officers as an Organised Group ‘A’ Service (OGAS), ensuring financial parity with other services.
- Sanjay Prakash Verdict (2025): Directed the Centre to progressively reduce IPS deputation posts up to the IG rank within two years.
- Review Petition Rejected (2025): The Court held that operational considerations cannot override legitimate career progression and equality.
These rulings underscore the need for administrative reform while balancing operational effectiveness.
Rationale for the Proposed Law
- Institutional Clarity: A statutory framework can define clear rules on deputation, tenure, and promotions.
- Cadre Empowerment: Enhances morale and motivation of CAPF officers.
- Operational Efficiency: Promotes leadership continuity within specialised forces such as BSF, CRPF, and ITBP.
- Litigation Reduction: Codified norms may reduce recurring legal disputes.
Concerns and Challenges
- Security Coordination: IPS officers bring policing experience and inter-agency linkages.
- Transition Management: Gradual implementation is needed to avoid disruption.
- Balancing Expertise: Need to integrate both IPS and CAPF leadership strengths.
Way Forward
- Develop a phased reduction roadmap of IPS quotas.
- Introduce competency-based leadership selection.
- Strengthen training and professionalisation of CAPF officers.
- Create lateral mobility between state police and CAPFs.
The proposed reform reflects a broader shift towards professionalising India’s internal security architecture while ensuring equity in career progression.