Context: At the 16th India–EU Summit, India and the European Union reaffirmed their commitment to collaborate on peaceful nuclear energy applications. The cooperation reflects a shared emphasis on clean energy, advanced medical applications, and high nuclear safety standards, while strengthening strategic trust between the two partners.
Scope of the Nuclear Cooperation
The collaboration is anchored in the India–Euratom Agreement (2020), which focuses exclusively on peaceful, non-explosive uses of nuclear energy.
It provides an institutional framework for joint research, technology exchange, and capacity building while respecting international non-proliferation norms.
A key area of convergence is fusion energy research, particularly enhanced coordination in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project. Fusion is seen as a long-term solution for clean and virtually limitless energy, complementing renewables in the global energy transition.
Fusion Energy and ITER
ITER, currently under construction at Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France, is the world’s largest experimental nuclear fusion project. It brings together seven partners—the European Union, India, China, Japan, South Korea, Russia, and the United States.
The project aims to demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion power by producing 500 MW of fusion energy from a 50 MW input, achieving an energy gain of Q = 10.
Unlike fission, fusion produces no long-lived radioactive waste and emits no greenhouse gases, making it a promising clean-energy option.
India plays a critical role in ITER. It has successfully built and delivered the world’s largest cryostat, a massive stainless-steel structure that maintains the ultra-low temperatures necessary for sustaining fusion reactions. This contribution highlights India’s growing capabilities in advanced nuclear engineering.
Focus on Non-Power Nuclear Applications
Beyond power generation, India–EU cooperation prioritises non-power nuclear uses, especially:
- Radiopharmaceuticals for cancer diagnosis and treatment, which can improve access to affordable and precise healthcare.
- Radioactive waste management, including safer handling, storage, and disposal technologies.
These applications underline the social and developmental benefits of nuclear science, aligning with public health and environmental safety goals.
Strategic Significance for India
The renewed partnership helps India diversify its nuclear and energy diplomacy, reducing overdependence on traditional partners such as Russia and the United States. Access to European expertise in nuclear safety, regulation, and advanced technologies strengthens India’s long-term clean energy and health security strategies.
For the EU, collaboration with India—one of the world’s fastest-growing energy markets—enhances the global relevance of its nuclear research and clean-energy leadership.
Conclusion
India–EU cooperation on peaceful nuclear applications represents a forward-looking partnership that blends clean energy innovation, medical advancement, and strategic diversification.
By jointly investing in fusion research and non-power nuclear technologies, both partners contribute to a safer, low-carbon, and knowledge-driven global future.