- The types of structure are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism are as follows:
- Chaityas (Shrines or prayer halls): Chaityas were prayers halls in Buddhist tradition. Chaityas were built near viharas for congregational worship.
- Viharas (Monasteries): Viharas were primarily the place of residence of Buddhist monks which came into being from the time of Buddha himself.
- Stupas (Places to venerate relics): It is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation.
- Rock cut architecture: Buddhist rock-cut temples and monasteries were often located near trade routes, and these spaces became stopovers and lodging houses for traders
- Sculpture: During the 2nd to 1st century BCE, sculptures became more explicit, representing episodes of the Buddha’s life and teachings.
- Gandhara Style: Gandharan Buddhist sculpture displays Hellenistic artistic influence in the forms of human figures and ornament. It was patronized by Kushan and Sakas rulers.
- Mathura Style: The art of Mathura tends to be based on an Indian tradition, exemplified by the anthropomorphic representation of divinities such as the Yaksas, although in a style rather archaic compared to the later representations of the Buddha. It was patronized by Kushana rulers.
- Amaravati Style: These sculpture are part of narrative art and thus there is less emphasis on the individual features of Buddha. It was patronized by the Satavahanas and later by the Ikshavaku
- Gupta Style: The era of Gupta can be characterized as classic due to the exceptional level of excellence it attained.
- Pala Style: During this period art reached technical perfection. This style is marked by slim and graceful figures, elaborate jewellery and conventional decorations.
