- Basic inherent values in humans are truth, honesty, loyalty, love, peace etc. because they bring out the fundamental goodness of human beings and society as a whole.
- Furthermore, because these values are unifying in nature and cut across individuals’ social, cultural, religious, and sectarian interests, they are regarded as universal, timeless, and eternal and apply to all people.
- There are following fundamental human values:
- Values of a leader
- Love for justice
- Selflessness
- Courage
- Values of administrator
- Non-discrimination
- Discipline
- Lawfulness
- Loyalty
- Values of Reformers
- Reason
- Contentment
- Humanism
- Dignity for all
- Social equality
- Values of a leader
List of human values
| Right-Conduct | Peace | Truth |
| Manners | Patience | Patience |
| Truthfulness | Awareness | Concentration |
| Responsibility | Positives | Fairness |
| Honesty | Independence | Self-acceptance |
| Trust | Perseverance | Self-discipline |
| Courage | Contentment | Determination |
| Love | Non-violence | Reflection |
| Forgiveness | Generosity | Justice |
| Kindness | Consideration | Stewardship |
| Compassion | Cooperation | Tolerance |
| Service | Harmlessness | Respect |
Stages of moral/value development (Kohleberg):
- Pre-conventional level (birth to preschool)
- Obedience-reward and disobedience-punishment.
- Self-Orientation
- Conventional level (school to higher education)
- Inter-personal accord and conformity.
- Authority and social order maintaining orientation
- Post-conventional level (after college life)
- Social contract orientation.
- Universal ethical principles.
How are values formed?
- Individuals form values as a result of socialisation from their parents, religious institutions, friends, personal experiences, and society.
- Individual values are influenced by our religious beliefs, social systems in place, and, to some extent, socioeconomic conditions.
- The terminal values develop over time, whereas the instrumental values are influenced by circumstances.
