Classification of CRZ
- CRZ-I areas are environmentally most critical
- CRZ-II: The developed land areas up to or close to the shoreline, within the existing municipal limits or in other existing legally designated urban areas.
- CRZ-III: Land areas that are relatively undisturbed (viz rural areas etc.) and those do not fall under CRZ-II.
- CRZ- IV: It constitutes the water area
According to the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 report, the rate of forest loss has declined in the period of 1990-2020.
- Released by UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).
- The FRA 2020 is based on the assessment of more than 60 forest-related variables in 236 countries and territories in the period of 1990–2020.
Coastal Vulnerability Index
Recently, Indian Nationwide Centre for Ocean Info Companies (INCOIS) has conducted coastal vulnerability evaluation for total Indian coast to organize a Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI).
About Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI)
- Coastal vulnerability evaluation has been conducted to deliver an Atlas comprising 156 maps on 1:1,00,000 scales to organize a Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI).
- It makes use of the relative threat that will happen due to sea-level rise.
- Sea level rise scenarios are quantified primarily based on parameters like tidal vary, wave peak, coastal slope, coastal elevation, shoreline change fee, geomorphology, and historic fee of relative sea-level change.
- From this CVI, it may be delineated that
- Gujarat’s 124 coastal kms goes to get affected or 5.36%
- Maharashtra 11 km or 1.22%
- Karnataka & Goa 48 km or 9.54%
- Kerala 15 km or 2.39%
- Tamil Nadu 65 km or 6.38%
- Andhra Pradesh 6 km or 0.55 %
- Odisha 37 km or 7.51%
- West Bengal 49 km or 2.56%
- Lakshadweep Islands 1 km or 0.81%
- Andaman Islands 24 km or 0.96km
- Nicobar Islands 8 km or 0.97%.
- Thus, coastal areas of Gujarat will be most vulnerable to Climate Change induced future sea-level rise.
- Coastal vulnerability assessments will be helpful info for coastal catastrophe administration and constructing resilient coastal communities.
About Multi-Hazard Vulnerability Mapping (MHVM)
- A coastal Multi-Hazard Vulnerability Mapping (MHVM) was additionally conducted utilizing parameters like sea stage change fee, shoreline change fee, high-resolution coastal elevation, excessive water stage from tide gauges and their return durations.
- These parameters had been synthesized to derive the composite hazard zones that may be inundated alongside the coastal low-lying areas attributable to excessive flooding occasions.
- This MHVM mapping was carried for complete mainland of India on a 1:25000 scale.
Vulnerability of Indian Coastline
- 26% of India’s population live within 100 km from the shoreline.
- Most of the coastal areas are low-lying and vulnerable to oceanographic disasters such as Tsunamis, Storm Surges, Sea-Level rise, tropical cyclones (13% of world’s cyclones in the seas around India, leads to inundation of coastal areas).
- Increased frequency and intensity of disasters due to climate change.
Indian Nationwide Centre for Ocean Info Companies (INCOIS) Established as an autonomous organization, under Ministry of Earth Sciences, located in Hyderabad. It is a unit of the Earth System Science Organization (ESSO). ESSO- INCOIS is mandated to provide the best possible ocean information and advisory services to society, industry, government agencies and the scientific community through sustained ocean observations and constant improvements through systematic and focussed research.