Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently announced that the Government of India is pursuing UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) status for Chhath Mahaparva. The proposal underscores India’s efforts to globally recognise its diverse living traditions rooted in ecological balance and cultural inclusivity.
UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Framework
UNESCO established the Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2008 under the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
- It recognises living traditions, performing arts, rituals, and cultural practices that reflect community identity and continuity.
- India already has 15 elements inscribed on this list, including Yoga, Kumbh Mela, Durga Puja, and Nowruz.
About Chhath Mahaparva
Chhath Mahaparva, also known as Chhath Puja, is one of the oldest and most revered Hindu festivals dedicated to Surya (Sun God) and Chhathi Maiya, considered the goddess of fertility and well-being.
- Duration: Four days —
- Nahay–Khay: Ritual purification and preparation of traditional food.
- Kharna: Devotees observe a day-long fast followed by a sacred meal.
- Sandhya Arghya: Offering to the setting Sun.
- Usha Arghya: Morning offerings to the rising Sun, concluding the festival.
- Observances: Devotees stand in rivers or ponds to make offerings to the Sun. The ritual reflects discipline, cleanliness, and devotion to nature.
- When Celebrated: During Kartik month (October–November).
- Where Celebrated: Predominantly in Bihar, Jharkhand, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, and Nepal, as well as among the Indian diaspora worldwide.
Cultural and Ecological Significance
- Promotes environmental awareness, as rituals take place in natural water bodies, reinforcing river conservation.
- Encourages social inclusivity — people from all castes and backgrounds participate equally.
- Symbolises gratitude to the Sun for sustaining life on Earth.
- Embodies self-discipline and communal harmony, reinforcing social unity.
Why UNESCO Recognition Matters
- Would bring global recognition to one of India’s most eco-conscious festivals.
- Strengthens India’s soft power and showcases its cultural diversity.
- Promotes sustainable cultural tourism and community-led preservation of traditions.
Conclusion
Chhath Puja, deeply rooted in India’s civilizational ethos, reflects a harmonious relationship between humanity and nature.
Its proposed inclusion in UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list would affirm India’s commitment to preserving and celebrating its vibrant living traditions on the world stage.