- Absence of unified command under one leader and that too without a concrete plan.
- Indian rulers were fighting for regional interests and had no aim of national integration.
- The three presidencies of Bengal, Bombay and Madras remained mostly unaffected.
- There was a lack of support from many social classes such as intellectual class, print media, middle class etc.
- British strategy was unified. They had modern means of war and experience in fighting the Indian rulers.
