Jinnah’s Fourteen Points Demand

When the All-Parties Conference was held at Calcutta in December 1928 to consider the Nehru Report, Jinnah, on behalf of the Muslim League, proposed three amendments to the  report:

(i)  1/3rd representation to Muslims in the central legislature.

(ii) Reservation to Muslims in Bengal and Punjab legislatures proportionate to their population, till adult suffrage was established.

(iii) Residual powers to provinces.

However, the Nehru Report failed to accommodate these suggestions.

Annoyed by this failure, Jinnah proposed even more extensive demands including all future propaganda for Muslim population.

The fourteen points were as follows.

1.    The form of the future Constitution should be federal in structure with the residuary powers vested in the provinces.

2.    A uniform measure of autonomy shall be granted to all provinces.

3.    All legislatures, central and provincial, and other elected bodies in the country shall be constituted on the definite principle of adequate and effective representation of minorities in every province without reducing the majority in any province to a minority or even equality.

4.    In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than one-third.

5.    Representation of communal groups shall continue to be based on separate electorate as at present, provided it shall be open to any community at any time to abandon its separate electorate in favour of a joint electorate;

6.    Any territorial redistribution that might at any time be necessary shall not in any way affect the Muslim majority in the Punjab, Bengal and the North-west frontier province.

7.    Full religious liberty, i.e. liberty of belief, worship and observance, propaganda, association and education, shall be guaranteed to all communities.

8.    No bill or any resolution shall be passed in any legislature or any other elected body if three-fourths of the members of any community in that particular body oppose such a bill, resolution or part thereof on the ground that it would be injurious to the interests of that community, or in the alternative, such other methods shall be devised as may be found feasible and practicable to deal with such cases;

9.    Sind should be separated from the Bombay presidency.

10.  Reform should be introduced in the North-west frontier province and Baluchistan on the same footing as in the other provinces.

11.  Provision should be made in the Constitution giving Muslims an adequate share, along with the other Indians, in all the services of the state and local self-government bodies having due regard to the requirements of efficiency.

12.  Constitution should embody adequate safeguards for protection of Muslim culture, protection and promotion of Muslim education, language, religion, personal laws and Muslim charitable institutions and their due share in the grants-in-aid given by the state and by local self-government bodies.

13.  No cabinet, either central or provincial, should be formed without there being a proportion of at least one-third of Muslim ministers.

14.  No change shall be made in the Constitution by the central legislature except with the concurrence of the states constituting the Indian Federation.

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