Fig: Territory under Tughlaq Dynasty
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (1320-25 AD)
- Established Tughlaq dynasty.
- He exempted khots and muqaddams from paying taxes on land and cattle.
- Levied Kharaj on the basis on actual produce and not based on estimated yields.
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (MBT) (1325-51 AD)
- Accounts by Ibn Batuta in Rehla and Ziauddin Barni in Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi provide information.
- Transferred his capital from Delhi to Deogir.
- Introduced token currency and decided to introduce a bronze coin which was to have the same value as silver tanka.
- Along with the practice of appointing officials from bandagan, Tughlaq elevated people of humble birth to important offices. For ex. MBT appointed a wine distiller, barber, cook and two gardeners to high administrative offices. Ziyauddin Barani criticised this.
- Did not reduce khuts and muqaddams to ordinary cultivators.
- Set up an agricultural department Diwan-i-Amir-Kohi to improve cultivation.
- Begumpuri Mosque built during his reign was the main mosque of Jahanpanah, the new city in Delhi built by Tughlaqs.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351-88 AD)
- Made Jizya a separate tax and set up a large department of public works.
- Large number of canals were constructed during his time. For ex. Two canals on Yamuna, one on Sutlej and one on Ghaggar.
- Paid his soldiers in land revenue assignments.
- Abolished ghari and charai tax, limited total taxes above kharja to 4%.
